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Karta Pobytu vs. B2B in Poland: Legal Realities Foreigners Need to Know

If you are an expat working in Poland, transitioning from a standard employment contract (Umowa o Pracę) to a Sole Proprietorship (Jednoosobowa Działalność Gospodarcza – JDG / B2B) is often seen as a smart financial move. However, when it comes to your Karta Pobytu (Temporary Residence Permit), a B2B setup follows completely different legal rules than standard employment. Misunderstanding these rules can result in a rejected residence application, loss of legal status, or even an order to leave the country. Here is a precise, legally grounded breakdown of how B2B interacts with Polish immigration law. 1. The Core Legal Distinction: Employment vs. Business Activity In Polish immigration law, your residency permit must match the exact purpose of your stay. Standard Employment (Umowa o Pracę / Umowa Zlecenie): You apply for a Zezwolenie na pobyt czasowy i pracę (Single Permit for Residence and Work) under Article 114 of the Act on Foreigners ( Ustawa o cudzoziemcach ). B2B / Sole Pro...
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Cross-Border Divorce & Inheritance in Poland: What Foreign Citizens Need to Know

Navigating Polish family and inheritance law as an expat or foreign investor can feel like a bureaucratic maze. Whether you are dealing with a international divorce or inheriting real estate in Poland, EU regulations play a critical role in determining which country’s laws apply—and where your case will be heard. Here is a quick breakdown of how cross-border divorce and inheritance work under Polish and EU law. 1. Cross-Border Divorce in Poland (EU Regulations) If you or your spouse are foreign citizens living in Poland, or Polish citizens living abroad, you do not automatically have to divorce in your home country. Under the EU Brussels IIb Regulation (and Rome III Regulation for applicable law), jurisdiction and applicable law are determined by specific criteria rather than citizenship alone. Which court has jurisdiction? Generally, the courts of the EU Member State where the spouses are habitually resident have jurisdiction. If you both live in Wrocław, Warsaw, or Kraków, Polish ...
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